Choose to make the DIY feed. In addition, you also must understand the nutrient content of each and every ingredient that you plan to select for the formulated diet. Nutrients that you must obtain must be the proximate composition and other nutritional content of each ingredient.
Proximate composition and nutrient content of DIY goat’s feed.
When making DIY goat’s feed, it is very important that we know the proximate composition and nutritional content of each ingredient so that the goat will have a balance diet. For the DIY goat feed, the ingredient our group chooses are Alfalfa hay, Papaya leaves, Cassava and Soybean. For proximate composition, we will talk about moisture, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, crude ash and nitrogen free extract, while for nutrient content we will talk about the other important essential nutrient needed in the goat’s diet (such as minerals).
Proximate composition of each selected ingredient
|
Ingredients (per 100g) |
Carbohydrate (%) |
Moisture (%) |
Crude protein (%) |
Ether extract (%) |
Crude fibre (%) |
Crude ash (%) |
|
Alfalfa hay1 |
5.72 |
12.00 |
13.01 |
2.09 |
38.01 |
8.06 |
|
Papaya 2 |
7.98 |
90.70 |
0.79 |
0.24 |
32.51 |
0.29 |
|
Cassava 3 |
73.00 |
8.60 |
25.37 |
11.77 |
10.63 |
8.47 |
|
Soybean 4 |
34.83 |
7.80 |
46.40 |
0.90 |
4.00 |
6.00 |
1Data from Mattioli, Bosco, Combes & Castellini (2019)
2 Data from Hossain & Iqbal (2019)
3 Data from Olaleru, Oke & Adepegba (2015)
4 Data from Huang, Li & Ma (2018)
Minerals are vital to good health of goats. Eventhough there is adequate amount of protein, carbohydrate and fat, but if there is less minerals supply to the goats. There will be mineral- related problem in goats result from deficiency. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium are a few of the macrominerals needed in a goat’s diet.
Minerals that are essential to goats
|
Ingredients (per 100g) |
Calcium (g) |
Phosphorus (g) |
Magnesium (g) |
Sodium (g) |
Potassium (g) |
|
Alfalfa hay1 |
15.30 |
2.70 |
4.50 |
1.50 |
14.90 |
|
Papaya2 |
0.24 |
0.18 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
2.57 |
|
Cassava3 |
0.43 |
0.23 |
0.37 |
0.08 |
2.26 |
|
Soybean |
2.77 |
7.04 |
2.80 |
0.02 |
17.97 |
1 Data from Hall, Bobe & Hunter (2013)
2 Data from Saeed, Arshad & Pasha (2014)
3 Data from Ravindran & Ravindran (1998)
It is important to know about the proximate composition and nutrient of each ingredient before making DIY feed for the goat’s. If we do not know about the proximate composition and nutrient before making the DIY goat feed, we may give too much or too little nutrients than what is needed by the goat. This mistake of not giving the correct amount of nutrients that are supposedly needed by the goat will cause detrimental consequences such as sickness in goats. That is why understanding proximate composition and nutrition content of each ingredient are very important.
References
Mattiolli, S., Bosco, A. D., Combes, S., & Castellini, C. (2019, Jun). Dehydrated Alfalfa and Fresh Grass Supply in Young Rabbits: Effect on Performance and Caecal Microbiota Biodiversity. Retrieved November 8, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Proximate-composition-of-rabbit-feed-dehydrated-alfalfa-and-fresh-grass-g-100-g-of-dry_tbl1_333711620
Hossain, M. S., & Iqbal, A. (2019, Sep). Preparqtion and sensory evaluation of functional drink based on papaya (Carica papaya L.) pulp. Retrieved November 8, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Proximate-composition-of-fresh-papaya-pulp_tbl1_336166028
Olaleru, I., Oke, T., & Adepegba, V. (2015, April ). Performance of Broiler Chicken Fed Diets Containing Cassava Peel and Leaf Meals as Replacements for Maize and Soya Bean Meal. Retrieved November 8, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Proximate-composition-of-Cassava-leaf-CLand-Cassava-peelingCP_tbl1_341741381
Huang, C., Li, P., Ma, X. K., & Zhang, S. (2018, Jan). Methodology effects on determining the energy concentration and the apparent total tract digestibility of components in diets fed to growing pigs. Retrieved November 8, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Analyzed-composition-of-corn-wheat-bran-soybean-meal-and-rapeseed-meal-as-fed_tbl2_322794474
Hal, J., Bobe, G., Hunter, J. K., & Pirelli, G. (2013, Mar). Effect of Feeding Selenium-Fertilized Alfalfa Hay on Performance of Weaned Beef Calves. Retrieved November 8, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Alfalfa-hay-and-grain-concentrate-nutrient-composition-dry-matter-basis_fig5_236088246https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Papaya-fruit-nutritional-value-per-100-g-edible-portion_tbl2_263480414
Ravindran, G., & Ravindran, V. (1988, Dec). Changes in the nutritional composition of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves during maturity. Retrieved November 8, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Mineral-Composition-of-Cassava-Leaves-as-Influenced-by-Stage-of-Maturity-a_tbl2_223764253
Soybean. Retrieved November 8, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean
